Menopause is when a woman has not had a menstrual period for 1 year. It is called early menopause when it happens before age 40.
Periods happen when estrogen and progresterone hormones lower. The ovaries release these hormones. Menopause is a normal part of aging. The ovaries stop releasing eggs when hormones are too low.
Surgery to remove the uterus or ovaries can also cause menopause.
This is a normal part of aging. It is most common in women who are 40-58 years of age.
When it happens early, risk factors are:
You may not have symptoms.
If you do, they happen in the time leading up to menopause. You may have:
Your doctor will ask you about your periods. Menopause is when a woman has not had a period for 1 year. It is assumed due to age and symptoms.
Sometimes, a blood test to look for follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) may be done to confirm the diagnosis. High levels of FSH suggest menopause.
Menopause is a normal part of life. It doesn't need treatment.
Hormone changes can cause symptoms. Certain treatments and lifestyle changes can help to manage:
HRT can be used for a short time. Here are some options:
HRT can be taken as tablets, gels, skin patches, vaginal rings or tablets, injections, and pellets placed in the skin.
HRT can raise the risk problems like cancer, heart disease, and blood clots. Talk to your doctor about whether the benefits are greater than the risks.
HRT is not a good choice for some women. Here are other options:
A healthful diet may reduce some of your symptoms. It can help you feel better. It can also lower the risk of heart disease and osteoporosis. You should eat:
You should also have calcium and vitamin Dfor healthy bones. Milk and yogurt are high in calcium. Fish is high in vitamin D. Ask your doctor if supplements are needed. Sunlight also raises vitamin D in the body.
Try not to eat spicy or hot foods or drinks. They can make hot flashes worse.
Exercise may lower symptoms, manage weight, and lower stress. Weight-bearing exercises like walking and strength exercises may also help keep bones healthy. A mix of both works best.
Menopause is natural. You can’t prevent it.
Office on Women's Health
The North American Menopause Society
Health Canada
Women's Health Matters—Women's College Hospital
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Last reviewed April 2018 by EBSCO Medical Review Board Marcie L. Sidman, MD
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.